time period of jugs and avatar

Whatever happened before Adam
kmaherali
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Post by kmaherali »

More evidence of advanced knowledge of pre-historic times. They were not primitive as generally believed.

Mysterious monuments from ancient civilizations

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To this day, some monuments left behind by ancient civilizations remain a mystery to researchers and archaeologists. If you seek out history and adventure when you travel, here are 22 enigmatic sites that will excite your inner Indiana Jones.

Slide show at:

https://www.addtobucketlist.com/22-myst ... lizations/
Last edited by kmaherali on Wed Mar 03, 2021 4:41 am, edited 2 times in total.
kmaherali
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Post by kmaherali »

eBook

Yugas, The - Keys to Understanding our Hidden Past, Emerging Energy Age and Enlightened Future (by Joseph Selbie & David Steinmetz)

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Free download at:

https://www.scribd.com/document/3999742 ... -Steinmetz

In my opinion it is the best book on implications of the knowledge of Yugas based on scientific evidence. I highly recommend it.
kmaherali
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Post by kmaherali »

More evidence of the advanced ages of the past...

The world’s amazing lost cities recently rediscovered

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Lost cities found
Founded, flourished and eventually forgotten – this has been the fate of many cities since ancient times. A few names have stayed alive in legend and literature while others disappeared completely – until a chance discovery brought these mysterious metropolises back from the dead. From Sigiriya, the amazing hill-top site in Sri Lanka, to the astonishing Pompeii in Italy, we look at some of the most fabulous cities lost and reborn.

Slide show at:

https://www.loveexploring.com/galleries ... red?page=1
Last edited by kmaherali on Wed Mar 03, 2021 4:48 am, edited 1 time in total.
kmaherali
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Post by kmaherali »

Related book: Ten discoveries that rewrote history
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1. Ten Discoveries That Rewrote History Patrick Hunt
2. Publisher : Plume Release Date : 2007-09-25
3. The world’s greatest archaeological finds and what they tell us about lost civilizations Renowned archaeologist Patrick Hunt brings his top ten list of ancient archaeological discoveries to life in this concise and captivating book. The Rosetta Stone, Troy, Nineveh's Assyrian Library, King Tut’s Tomb, Machu Picchu, Pompeii, the Dead Sea Scrolls, Thera, Olduvai Gorge, and the Tomb of 10,000 Warriors—Hunt reveals the fascinating stories of these amazing discoveries and explains the ways in which they added to our knowledge of human history and permanently altered our worldview. Part travel guide to the wonders of the world and part primer on ancient world history, Ten Discoveries That Rewrote History captures the awe and excitement of finding a lost window into ancient civilization. Download Full PDF Here http://bit.ly/bedjopdf

Slide show and download at:

https://www.slideshare.net/Jennifer_per ... istory-pdf

http://ebooks24.club/download/books.php ... istory+pdf
Last edited by kmaherali on Wed Mar 03, 2021 4:53 am, edited 1 time in total.
kmaherali
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Post by kmaherali »

The article below provides more evidence of sophisticated knowledge of ancient prehistoric times..

'Extremely rare’ Assyrian carvings discovered in Iraq
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In the eighth century B.C., Assyrian King Sargon II ruled over a wealthy and powerful empire that included much of today’s Middle East and inspired fear among its neighbors. Now a team of Italian and Iraqi Kurdish archaeologists working in northern Iraq have uncovered ten stone reliefs that adorned a sophisticated canal system dug into bedrock. The surprising find of such beautifully crafted carvings—typically found only in royal palaces—sheds light on the impressive public works supported by a leader better known for his military prowess.

“Assyrian rock reliefs are extremely rare monuments,” said Daniele Morandi Bonacossi, an archaeologist at Italy’s University of Udine, who co-led the recent expedition. With one exception, no such panels have been found in their original location since 1845. “And it is highly probable that more reliefs, and perhaps also monumental celebratory cuneiform inscriptions, are still buried under the soil debris that filled the canal.”

More...

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/hist ... vered-iraq
Last edited by kmaherali on Wed Mar 03, 2021 5:00 am, edited 1 time in total.
kmaherali
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Post by kmaherali »

13 Mysteries That Could Be Solved in the Next Decade
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These mysteries are breaking the rules

As a general rule, the longer a mystery goes unsolved, the less likely it'll ever be cracked. However, all of these mysteries hold the promise of resolution in the near future date back years, if not centuries—some even date back to the beginning of time. Don't miss the strangest unsolved mystery from every state.

Slide show:

https://www.readersdigest.com.au/true-s ... ext-decade
Last edited by kmaherali on Wed Mar 03, 2021 5:04 am, edited 1 time in total.
kmaherali
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Post by kmaherali »

The article below highlights the existence of city based civilizations at least during the bronze age if not earlier.

What Happened to the Original 1 Percent?

Modern cities can learn from the fate of the collapsed civilizations at Ugarit and Mycenae.


About 3,190 years ago, a merchant in Emar, a trading outpost in what is now northern Syria, sent a desperate letter to his boss, Urtenu, who lived in the rich metropolis of Ugarit, a city-state on the coast of Syria. “There is famine,” he wrote. “If you do not quickly arrive here, we ourselves will die of hunger.”

A long drought had left the hinterlands around Ugarit in a state of famine, wars were brewing, and there were likely plagues as well. Urtenu may not have realized it, but he was living through the last years of two wealthy cities, Ugarit and Mycenae, that dominated the eastern Mediterranean Sea during what historians call the Bronze Age, from roughly 3000 to 1200 B.C.E.

More than a thousand years before the Greeks invented democracy and the Romans undermined it with imperialism, these city-states of the Bronze Age laid the foundations for what is often called Western civilization. Homer recorded the myths of the Bronze Age in “The Iliad” and “The Odyssey,” and carved stone inscriptions of the pharaohs Hatshepsut and Thutmose III record the machinations of the Bronze Age elites. Although the rulers of the Bronze Age sometimes went to war, the true source of their power, like that of today’s biggest cities, was economic power secured through trade. The final decades of Ugarit and Mycenae tell us a lot about why cities fail — and who survives amid the ashes.

More..

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/11/opin ... ogin-email
kmaherali
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Post by kmaherali »

These major cities were built on ancient ruins

These major cities were built on ancient ruins

Around the world, past civilizations lie just below the surface, with remains buried or partly visible today. Here are 20 major cities that were built on ancient ruins.

Slide show:

https://www.msn.com/en-ca/lifestyle/tra ... ut#image=1

Video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=08hm8eyvYto
Last edited by kmaherali on Wed Mar 03, 2021 5:10 am, edited 1 time in total.
swamidada2
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Post by swamidada2 »

kmaherali wrote:These major cities were built on ancient ruins

These major cities were built on ancient ruins

Around the world, past civilizations lie just below the surface, with remains buried or partly visible today. Here are 20 major cities that were built on ancient ruins.

Slide show:

https://www.msn.com/en-ca/lifestyle/tra ... ut#image=1
Let me add two more...

Ruins dating from the Early Harappan period around 2900 BCE have also been discovered in the Taxila area, though the area was eventually abandoned after the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilization. The first major settlement at Taxila was established around 1000 BCE.


It was one of the largest cities of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, which developed around 3,000 BCE from the prehistoric Indus culture. ... Mohenjo-daro was the most advanced city of its time, with remarkably sophisticated civil engineering and urban planning.
kmaherali
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Post by kmaherali »

More evidence unfolding about the advanced nature of prehistoric people...

Neolithic Site Near Stonehenge Yields an ‘Astonishing Discovery’

The finding of a circle of trenches at a nearby ancient village also makes the site the largest prehistoric structure in Britain and possibly in Europe, one archaeologist said.


Watch video at:

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/worl ... 778d3e6de3

LONDON — A new archaeological discovery at the site of an ancient village near Stonehenge promises to offer significant clues about life more than 4,500 years ago in the Neolithic period, and could even “write a whole new chapter in the story” of the celebrated structure’s landscape, experts say.

The find also makes the site the largest prehistoric structure in Britain and possibly in Europe, according to Vincent Gaffney, of the University of Bradford, an archaeologist involved in the analysis.

“It has completely transformed how we understand this landscape — there is no doubt about it,” he said.

Stonehenge, a UNESCO World Heritage site in the English countryside, has long drawn visitors to admire its looming stone slabs, even as its origins and purpose are still being explored.

The study, published online on Sunday, outlines the discovery of a large circle of shafts surrounding the ancient village — known as the Durrington Walls henge monument — about two miles from Stonehenge. The trenches, each of which is around 30 feet wide and 15 feet deep, are thought to have been part of a ritual boundary area between the two sites.

Uncovered through remote sensing technology and ground sampling, the discovery could amount to one of the most significant finds ever made at the site, archaeologists and experts said.

More and video:

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/worl ... 778d3e6de3
kmaherali
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Post by kmaherali »

The oldest cities in the world

Many of the earliest cities in the world are still inhabited, serving as living records of humanity’s first forays into civilization. Archaeologists dispute exact timelines and what counts as a city proper, but there is no doubt the first urban centres enshrine the development of agriculture, trade, and the many great empires that rose and fell over the millennia. Here is a sampling of some of the oldest cities in the world still living today.

Slide show at:

https://www.msn.com/en-ca/lifestyle/tra ... ut#image=1
kmaherali
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Post by kmaherali »

7 bizarre ancient cultures that history forgot

Long-Lost Cultures

The ancient Egyptians had their pyramids, the Greeks, their sculptures and temples. And everybody knows about the Maya and their famous calendar.

But other ancient peoples get short shrift in world history. Here are a handful of long-lost cultures that don't get the name recognition they deserve.

The Silla

The Silla Kingdom was one of the longest-standing royal dynasties ever. It ruled most of the Korean Peninsula between 57 B.C. and A.D. 935, but left few burials behind for archaeologists to study.

One recent Silla discovery gave researchers a little insight, however. The intact bones of a woman who lived to be in her late 30s was found in 2013 near the historic capital of the Silla (Gyeongju). An analysis of the woman's bones revealed that she was likely a vegetarian who ate a diet heavy in rice, potatoes or wheat. She also had an elongated skull.

Silla was founded by the monarch Bak Hyeokgeose. Legend held that he was hatched from a mysterious egg in the forest and married a queen born from the ribs of a dragon. Over time, the Silla culture developed into a centralized, hierarchical society with a wealthy aristocratic class. Though human remains from the Silla people are rare, archaeologists have unearthed a variety of luxurious goods made by this culture, from a gold-and-garnet dagger to a cast-iron Buddha to jade jewelry, among other examples held at the Gyeongju National Museum in South Korea. [See Images of the Long-Headed Woman's Facial Reconstruction]

The Indus

The Indus is the largest-known ancient urban culture, with the people's land stretching from the Indus River in modern-day Pakistan to the Arabian Sea and the Ganges in India. The Indus civilization persisted for thousands of years, emerging around 3300 B.C. and declining by about 1600 B.C.

The Indus, also known as the Harappans, developed sewage and drainage systems for their cities, built impressive walls and granaries, and produced artifacts like pottery and glazed beads. They even had dental care: Scientists found 11 drilled molars from adults who lived between 7,500 to 9,000 years ago in the Indus Valley, according to a study published in 2006 in the journal Nature. A 2012 study suggested that climatic change weakened monsoonal rains and dried up much of the Harappan territory, forcing the civilization to gradually disband and migrate to wetter climes.

The Sanxingdui

The Sanxingdui were a Bronze Age culture that thrived in what is now China's Sichuan Province. A farmer first discovered artifacts from the Sanxingdui in 1929; excavations in the area in 1986 revealed complex jade carvings and bronze sculptures 8 feet (2.4 meters) tall.

But who were the Sanxingdui? Despite the evidence of the culture's artistic abilities, no one really knows. They were prolific makers of painted bronze-and-gold-foil masks that some archaeologists believe may have represented gods or ancestors, according to the Sanxingdui Museum in China. The Sanxingdui site shows evidence of abandonment about 2,800 or 3,000 years ago, and another ancient city, Jinsha, discovered nearby, shows evidence that maybe the Sanxingdui moved there. In 2014, researchers at the annual meeting of the American Geophysical Union argued that at around this time, a major earthquake and landslide redirected the Minjiang River, which would have cut Sanxingdui off from water and forced a relocation.

The Nok

The mysterious and little-known Nok culture lasted from around 1000 B.C. to A.D. 300 in what is today northern Nigeria. Evidence of the Nok was discovered by chance during a tin-mining operation in 1943, according to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. Miners uncovered a terra-cotta head, hinting at a rich sculptural tradition. Since then, other elaborate terra-cotta sculptures have emerged, including depictions of people wearing elaborate jewelry and carrying batons and flails — symbols of authority also seen in ancient Egyptian art, according to the Minneapolis Institute of Art. Other sculptures show people with diseases such as elephantiasis, the Met said.

Contributing to the mystery surrounding the Nok, the artifacts have often been removed from their context without archaeological analysis. In 2012, the United States returned a cache of Nok figurines to Nigeria after they were stolen from Nigeria's national museum and smuggled into the U.S.

The Etruscans

The Etruscans had a thriving society in northern Italy from about 700 B.C. to about 500 B.C., when they began to be absorbed by the Roman Republic. They developed a unique written language and left behind luxurious family tombs, including one belonging to a prince that was first excavated in 2013.

Etruscan society was a theocracy, and their artifacts suggest that religious ritual was a part of daily life. The oldest depiction of childbirth in Western art — a goddess squatting to give birth — was found at the Etruscan sanctuary of Poggio Colla. At the same site, archaeologists found a 4-foot by 2-foot (1.2 by 0.6 meters) sandstone slab containing rare engravings in the Etruscanlanguage. Few examples of written Etruscan survive. Another Etruscan site, Poggio Civitate, was a square complex surrounding a courtyard. It was the largest building in the Mediterranean at its time, said archaeologists who have excavated more than 25,000 artifacts from the site.

The Land of Punt

Some cultures are known mostly through the records of other cultures. That's the case with the mysterious land of Punt, a kingdom somewhere in Africa that traded with the ancient Egyptians. The two kingdoms were exchanging goods from at least the 26th century B.C., during the reign of the pharaoh Khufu (the builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza).

Strangely, no one really knows where Punt was located. The Egyptians left plenty of descriptions of the goods they got from Punt (gold, ebony, myrrh) and the seafaring expeditions they sent to the lost kingdom. However, the Egyptians are frustratingly mum on where all these voyages were headed. Scholars have suggested that Punt may have been in Arabia, or on the Horn of Africa, or maybe down the Nile River at the border of modern-day South Sudan and Ethiopia.

The Bell-Beaker Culture

People of the Bell-Beaker culture created pottery vessels shaped like inverted bells.

You know a culture is obscure when archaeologists name it based on its artifacts alone. The Bell-Beaker culture made pottery vessels shaped like upside-down bells. The makers of these distinctive drinking cups lived across Europe between about 2800 B.C. and 1800 B.C. They also left behind copper artifacts and graves, including a cemetery of 154 graves located in the modern-day Czech Republic.

The Bell-Beakers were also responsible for some of the construction at Stonehenge, researchers have found: These people likely arranged the site's small bluestones, which originated in Wales.

https://www.livescience.com/55430-bizar ... tures.html
kmaherali
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Post by kmaherali »

The article below indicates the advanced state of organization and governance of prehistoric societies.

She Was Buried With a Silver Crown. Was She the One Who Held Power?

A tomb unearthed in Spain has prompted archaeologists to reconsider assumptions about women’s power in Bronze Age European societies.


Excerpt:

Like their contemporaries — such as the Minoans of Crete, the Wessex of Britain and the Unetice of Central Europe — the Argarics had the hallmarks of a state society, with a ruling bureaucracy, geopolitical boundaries, complex settlement systems and urban centers with monumental structures. They had divisions of labor and class distinctions that persisted after death, based on the wide disparity of grave goods discovered at archaeological sites.

Image
La Almoloya in 2015.Credit...Arqueoecologia Social Mediterrània Research Group, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

More...

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/11/scie ... 778d3e6de3
KayBur
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Post by KayBur »

kmaherali wrote:The article below indicates the advanced state of organization and governance of prehistoric societies.

She Was Buried With a Silver Crown. Was She the One Who Held Power?

A tomb unearthed in Spain has prompted archaeologists to reconsider assumptions about women’s power in Bronze Age European societies.


Excerpt:

Like their contemporaries — such as the Minoans of Crete, the Wessex of Britain and the Unetice of Central Europe — the Argarics had the hallmarks of a state society, with a ruling bureaucracy, geopolitical boundaries, complex settlement systems and urban centers with monumental structures. They had divisions of labor and class distinctions that persisted after death, based on the wide disparity of grave goods discovered at archaeological sites.

Image
La Almoloya in 2015.Credit...Arqueoecologia Social Mediterrània Research Group, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

More...

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/11/scie ... 778d3e6de3
An interesting find. The main thing is to exclude the possibility of juggling facts and distorting the interpretation of the finds. Unfortunately, history and everything connected with it is a very unreliable thing, its presentation depends on who fell into the hands of the facts.
kmaherali
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Post by kmaherali »

KayBur wrote: An interesting find. The main thing is to exclude the possibility of juggling facts and distorting the interpretation of the finds. Unfortunately, history and everything connected with it is a very unreliable thing, its presentation depends on who fell into the hands of the facts.
History is always subject to interpretation. However you cannot deny physical evidence as found and presented.
kmaherali
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Re: time period of jugs and avatar

Post by kmaherali »

Articles below suggest civilizations were far more advanced in pre-historic times.

Archaeology breakthrough as sunken '12,000-years-old pyramid' could rewrite history

Video:
Historian Martyn Whittock speaks to GB News following the discovery of Thutmose II's tomb GB News
Holly Bishop
By Holly Bishop
Published: 10/04/2025 - 08:55


If confirmed as man-made, the Yonaguni monument could reveal evidence of a previously unknown advanced society
A mysterious underwater structure near Taiwan could challenge everything we know about ancient civilisations.


The Yonaguni monument, discovered in 1986, sits just 82 feet below sea level near Japan's Ryukyu Islands.

The giant structure features sharp-angled steps and stands approximately 90 feet tall.

Its stone composition has led many experts to believe it was constructed by human hands rather than formed naturally.

\u200bThe Yonaguni monument,
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The Yonaguni monument, discovered in 1986, sits just 82 feet below sea level near Japan's Ryukyu IslandsWikimedia Commons

If confirmed as man-made, this sunken 'pyramid' could force historians to rewrite the timeline of human achievement.

Tests of the stone reveal it to be over 10,000 years old.

This suggests that if humans built this pyramid, they did so before the region sank underwater more than 12,000 years ago.

Such a timeline would place the Yonaguni monument thousands of years before other famous ancient structures, such as the Egyptian pyramids and Stonehenge.

If confirmed as man-made, this underwater monument could reveal evidence of a previously unknown advanced society.

//MORE ARCHAEOLOGY BREAKTHROUGHS:

//History of 'Britain's Tutankhamun' could be REWRITTEN as archaeologists uncover surprising origins
\u200bThe Yonaguni monument
Image
Tests of the stone reveal it to be over 10,000 years oldWikimedia Commons

The site recently gained widespread attention after scientists debated its origins on the Joe Rogan Experience podcast.

Author Graham Hancock, who focuses on lost civilisations, argued that photographs clearly show human-made features.

"To me, it's stunning that you see that as a totally natural thing, but I guess we've just got very different eyes," Hancock said.

He pointed to what appear to be arches, megaliths, steps, terraces and even a carved rock 'face'.

However, archaeologist Flint Dibble disagreed: "I've seen a lot of crazy natural stuff and I see nothing here that me reminds me of human architecture."

The Yonaguni monument is not the only ancient structure challenging conventional timelines.

Göbekli Tepe in Turkey dates back to around 9500 BC, over 5,000 years before the Egyptian pyramids.

This Pre-Pottery Neolithic site predates Stonehenge by roughly 6,000 years.


Studies suggest this 98-foot-deep 'megalith' could be over 16,000 years old.

In 2023, scientists claimed this structure could upend conventional wisdom about 'primitive' hunter-gatherer societies.

It potentially reveals the true 'engineering capabilities of ancient civilisations' long before previously thought possible.

Dr Masaaki Kimura, who tested the sandstone's age, maintains the case is still open for debate.

His findings suggest the structure would have been on dry land before sea levels rose at the end of the last Ice Age.

Studies show sea levels were approximately 400 feet lower 20,000 years ago.

However, Dr Robert Schoch of Boston University challenged this theory in 1999.

https://www.gbnews.com/science/archaeol ... te-history

********
'World’s oldest pyramid' built 25,000 years ago was not made by humans, archaeologists claim

Video:
Researchers in Indonesia claim prehistoric pyramid could rewrite human historyWibbitz - News / VideoElephant

While Guinness World Records officially lists the Djoser Step pyramid in Egypt as the world’s oldest pyramid (around 2,630 BC), one paper published in October claimed a layer of the Gunung Padang pyramid in Indonesia was constructed as far back as 25,000 BC – though there has since been doubts as to whether the structure was ever man-made at all.

In research led by Danny Hilman Natawidjaja of the Indonesian Institute of Sciences, and published in the journal Archaeological Prospection, the academics write that “the pyramid’s core consists of meticulously sculpted massive andesite lava” and that the “oldest construction” element of the pyramid “likely originated as a natural lava hill before being sculpted and then architecturally enveloped”.

They write: “This study sheds light on advanced masonry skills dating back to the last glacial period. This finding challenges the conventional belief that human civilisation and the development of advanced construction techniques emerged only … with the advent of agriculture approximately 11,000 years ago.

“Evidence from Gunung Padang and other sites, such as Gobekli Tepe [in Turkey], suggests that advanced construction practices were already present when agriculture had, perhaps, not yet been invented.”

The academics also claim that the builders “must have possessed remarkable masonry capabilities”, but one UK archaeologist has rubbished the paper, saying he is “surprised [it] was published as is”.

Flint Dibble, from Cardiff University, told the journal Nature that there is no clear evidence to suggest the buried layers were built by humans.

“Material rolling down a hill is going to, on average, orient itself,” he said, adding that there’s no evidence of “working or anything to indicate that it’s man-made”.

Meanwhile, Bill Farley, an archaeologist at Southern Connecticut State University, is credited as saying “the 27,000-year-old soil samples from Gunung Padang, although accurately dated, do not carry hallmarks of human activity, such as charcoal or bone fragments”.

Natawidjaja has responded to the criticism by saying “we are really open to researchers around the world who would like to come to Indonesia and do some research programme on Gunung Padang”, while the co-editor of Archaeological Prospection has confirmed an investigation has been launched into the paper.

This article was first published on 11th December 2023

https://www.indy100.com/science-tech/wo ... 2671691384
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